Oamaru Courthouse

In the 1880s the high crime rate led to a decision to establish a Supreme Court in Oamaru. The architectural partnership, Forrester and Lemon, designed the building which has an Historic Places Trust Category 1 rating.

Colonial Justice
By Gavin McLean

These days Oamaru is a retirement and heritage centre, but the youthful, male-dominated colonial town was often a noisy, violent and drunken place, where testosterone and hard liquor mixed messily. The first police arrived in 1861 and six years later the provincial government took over part of the reserve on the west of Thames Street for a new police station and gaol. To local historian K.C. McDonald the outlandish 1869 gaol’s hexagonal tower and crenellated parapets looked ‘like the castle of a minor baron.’ The gaol closed in 1913 and came down a long time ago, but its ruined stables survive behind the Thames Street buildings.

The first courthouse (1863) ended its days as the Pioneer Gallery (on the site of the present public library). Oamaruvians kept it busy, but caseloads gradually reduced thanks to the combined effects of recession, an aging population and from the 1880s the temperance movement’s often-noisy crusade against the ‘demon drink’. But in the early days the crime rate was high, with the 6000 residents charged with 823 offences in 1880.

This second courthouse, which also housed Supreme Court sittings until 1931, is generally considered Forrester & Lemon’s masterpiece. Unlike many of its earliest ‘clients’, its centrally-placed temple-front portico with Corinthian columns presents a dignified and sober face to Thames Street.